Global Hist. & Geo. II Rating Guide – June ’23 [8]
Global Hist. & Geo. II – June ’23 [23] [OVER]
CRQ Set 2 Directions (32–34b): Analyze the documents and answer the short-answer questions that follow
each document in the space provided.
Base your answer to question 32 on Document 1 below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Document 1
Functions of the World Bank
The past 70 years have seen major changes in the world economy. Over that time, the
World Bank Group—the world’s largest development institution—has worked to help
more than 100 developing countries and countries in transition adjust to these changes by
offering loans and tailored knowledge and advice. The Bank Group works with country
governments, the private sector, civil society organizations, regional development banks,
think tanks, and other international institutions on issues ranging from climate change,
conict, and food security to education, agriculture, nance, and trade. All of these
efforts support the Bank Group’s twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and
boosting shared prosperity of the poorest 40 percent of the population in all countries.
Founded in 1944, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development—soon
called the World Bank—has expanded to a closely associated group of ve development
institutions. Originally, its loans helped rebuild countries devastated by World War II.
In time, the focus shifted from reconstruction to development, with a heavy emphasis
on infrastructure such as dams, electrical grids, irrigation systems, and roads. With the
founding of the International Finance Corporation in 1956, the institution became able
to lend to private companies and nancial institutions in developing countries. And the
founding of the International Development Association in 1960 put greater emphasis on
the poorest countries, part of a steady shift toward the eradication of poverty becoming
the Bank Group’s primary goal. The subsequent launch of the International Centre
for Settlement of Investment Disputes and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
further rounded out the Bank Group’s ability to connect global nancial resources to the
needs of developing countries.
Source: The World Bank, 2019
32 Explain the historical circumstances that led to the establishment of the World Bank. [1]
Score
CRQ Set 2:
Document 1
32 Explain the historical circumstances that led to the establishment of the World Bank.
Score of 1:
•• Correct response
Examples:
– World War II devastated economies;
– established to help rebuild countries devastated by World War II;
– established to provide loans for the rebuilding of countries devastated by World War II;
– concerns about decolonization created a need for loans in former colonies;
– there was global concern about the gap between industrial and non-industrial nations;
– growing awareness of the need for international agencies to deal with worldwide
problems;
– many of the economies of the major powers of the world were devastated by World War
II/Great Depression;
– concern by the United States and European powers that communism would spread;
– the legacy of the Great Depression caused countries to want an organization that would
help to prevent future economic failures/problems;
– countries were poor and needing loans after World War II;
– to rebuild dams/electric grids/irrigation systems/roads destroyed during World War II
Score of 0:
• Incorrect response
Examples:
– World War II;
– 100 developing countries got loans;
– the World Bank was founded in 1944;
– it was created as a think tank;
– it was first called the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development;
– to build dams/infrastructure
• No response
32 Explain the historical circumstances that led to the establishment of the World Bank.
Score of 1:
•
Correct response
Examples:
– World War II devastated economies;
– established to help rebuild countries devastated by World War II;
– established to provide loans for the rebuilding of countries devastated by World War II;
– concerns about decolonization created a need for loans in former colonies;
– there was global concern about the gap between industrial and non-industrial nations;
– growing awareness of the need for international agencies to deal with worldwide
problems;
– many of the economies of the major powers of the world were devastated by World War
II/Great Depression;
– concern by the United States and European powers that communism would spread;
– the legacy of the Great Depression caused countries to want an organization that would
help to prevent future economic failures/problems;
– countries were poor and needing loans after World War II;
– to rebuild dams/electric grids/irrigation systems/roads destroyed during World War II
Score of 0:
• Incorrect response
Examples:
– World War II;
– 100 developing countries got loans;
– the World Bank was founded in 1944;
– it was created as a think tank;
– it was first called the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development;
– to build dams/infrastructure
• No response