2003 Mississippi Youth Tobacco Survey
Mississippi Department of Health
Tobacco Policy and Prevention
Post Office Box 1700
Jackson, MS 39215-1700
Telephone: 601-576-7781
Fax: 601-576-7444
www.HEALTHYMS.com
Brian W. Amy, MD, MHA, MPH, State Health Officer
Tanya T. Funchess, Director of Tobacco Policy and Prevention
Deirdre B. Rogers, Research Biostatistician
Acknowledgements
The success of the 2003 Mississippi YTS would not have been possible without the
support of the Mississippi Department of Education; the superintendents, principals,
and teachers who allocated the time to administer the survey; the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health; and the Mississippi State
University Social Science Research Center.
Table of Contents
Purpose .........................................................................................................................1
Sample Design and Methodology.................................................................................2
Definitions .....................................................................................................................3
Prevalence for Public and Private High and Middle Schools Use ...........................4
Statistically Significant Differences ................................................................4
Public School Current Cigarette Use ..............................................................5
By Race and Gender ...............................................................................6
Public School Current Smokeless Tobacco Use ...........................................8
Private School Current Cigarette Use .............................................................9
By Race and Gender .............................................................................10
Private School Current Smokeless Tobacco Use ........................................11
Access .............................................................................................................13
Environmental Tobacco Smoke.......................................................................16
Awareness .......................................................................................................19
Influence of Friends and Adults .....................................................................22
School Curriculum............................................................................................24
Cessation .........................................................................................................26
Susceptibility and Intent .................................................................................28
Appendix ....................................................................................................................29
Current Cigarette Use .......................................................................................30
Frequent Cigarette Use .....................................................................................31
Ever Smoked .....................................................................................................32
Current Smokeless Use ...................................................................................33
Purpose
The Youth Tobacco Survey (YTS) was developed to enhance the capacity of states to
design, implement, and evaluate their own tobacco prevention and control programs.
The YTS comprises a state approved core questionnaire designed to gather data on
seven topics:
o prevalence of tobacco use among young people
o tobacco-related knowledge and attitudes of young people and their
parents
o role of the media and advertising in young people’s use of tobacco
o minor’s access to tobacco
o tobacco-related school curriculum
o environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure at home and in
automobiles
o likelihood of cessation of tobacco use
The Mississippi Tobacco Pilot Program was implemented in 1998 with funds received
as a result of the state’s lawsuit against tobacco companies and a court order placed
the funds in escrow for the development of a youth-focused pilot program.
As directed by the settlement agreement and order of the court, the Attorney General
began developing a plan for a two-year pilot program to reduce teen tobacco use. The
Partnership for a Healthy Mississippi was created as a private-public partnership to
eliminate tobacco use through advocacy, education, evaluation, awareness,
enforcement, research, and service. Four areas were slated for funding under the
Partnership:
o Community/School/Youth Partnerships
o Law Enforcement
o Public Awareness
o Healthcare Services and Research
The 1998 Mississippi YTS represents baseline data collected prior to implementation of
the program activities. Subsequent YTS will provide a measure of program
effectiveness in preventing and reducing youth tobacco use and in changing attitudes
toward tobacco and tobacco-related behaviors.
1
Sample Design and Methodology
The YTS uses a two-stage sample design.
Stage 1: Schools are selected systematically with probability proportional to
enrollment size (PPS) using random start. In Mississippi, separate samples are drawn
for public high schools, private high schools, public middle schools, and private middle
schools.
Stage 2: Systematic equal probability sampling with a random start was used to select
classes from each school that participated in the survey. All students in each selected
class are eligible for participation in the survey.
Separate school and student response rates are calculated for each survey. The
overall response rate is calculated as the product of the school-and student response
rate. The YTS uses a 60 percent overall response rate as the minimum criteria for
being representative of a population. All of the YTS surveys through year 2000 have
reached the minimum overall rate of 60 percent. Mississippi is the only state that has
attempted a separate private high school YTS, which yielded representative data in
years 1998 through 2000, and in 2000 a separate private middle school YTS which
also yielded representative data. The Partnership for a Healthy Mississippi conducted
the Mississippi Social Climate Survey for Adolescents in the fall of 2002. The sample
was conducted in the same manner as the YTS by the CDC and many of the questions
used were from the YTS while some were state specific. The overall response rates for
public middle and high schools were above the minimum 60 percent.
For populations that reach the overall response rate of 60 percent, weight adjustments
are made for the following:
W = W
1
*
W
2
*
f
1
*
f
2
*
f
3
W
1
= inverse of the probability of selecting the school;
W
2
= inverse of the probability of selecting the classroom within the
school;
f
1
= a school-level non-response adjustment factor calculated by
school size (small, medium, large);
f
2
= a student-level non-response adjustment factor calculated by
class;
f
3
= a post stratification adjustment factor calculated by gender within
grade.
The weighted results can be used to make inferences for all Mississippi students in the
respective populations (public high school, private high school, public middle school,
and private middle school).
2
Definitions
95% Confidence Interval means that the statistic calculated for 95 percent of samples
of the same size taken in the same way would fall within this interval. For this survey,
questions are forced into a binomial distribution by reducing the responses to two, a
success and a failure. By doing this, the calculated confidence interval is the maximum
possible width.
Any Tobacco Use refers to the use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, pipes, cigars,
kreteks, or bidis or any combination of the above.
Bidis (or “Beedies”) are small brown cigarettes from India consisting of tobacco
wrapped in a leaf, tied with a thread.
Current Use is defined as use of the tobacco product on one or more of the past thirty
days.
Ever Use refers to having ever tried a tobacco product even just once. For example,
an ever smoker has tried cigarettes, even if just one puff.
Frequent Use is defined as the use of a tobacco product on 20 or more of the past 30
days.
Kreteks are cigarettes containing tobacco and clover extract.
Never Use refers to having never tried a particular tobacco product. For example, a
never smoker has never tried even a puff of a cigarette.
Smoking Uptake Continuum Susceptibility Index is the percent of students NOT
susceptive or Never Smokers who answer “No” to “Do you think that you will try a
cigarette soon” AND “Definitely Not” to “If one of your best friends offered you a
cigarette, would you smoke it?” The compliment will be those that are susceptible.
Never smokers, who are susceptible, are those likely to start soon.
The difference between two percents is considered Statistically Significant (also
stated as “Significant” in this publication) if the 95% confidence intervals for the two
percents do not overlap.
3
Statistically Significant Differences
YTS 2003 demonstrated many significant findings in tobacco use when
compared to the prior survey in public and private high and middle schools.
Some of these are listed below.
Overall current cigarette use was significantly lower among all private high school
students.
Overall current cigarette use was significantly lower among private middle school
students.
Current cigarette use was significantly lower among private high school female
and male students.
Current cigarette use was significantly lower among white private high school
students.
Current cigarette use was significantly lower among tenth and eleventh grade
private high school students.
Current cigarette use was significantly lower among male private middle school
students.
Current cigarette use was significantly lower among white private middle school
students.
Current cigarette use was significantly lower among eighth grade private middle
school students.
Current smokeless tobacco use was significantly increased among black public
high school students.
Frequent cigarette use was significantly decreased among private high and middle
school students.
Frequent cigarette use was significantly decreased among seventh grade public
middle school students.
Frequent cigarette use was significantly decreased among female private high
school students and male private middle school students.
Significant decreases were reported in both public and private middle and high
school students who reported being in the same room with someone who was
smoking cigarettes on one or more of the past 7 days.
Significant decreases were reported in both public and private middle and high
school students who reported riding in a car with someone who was smoking
cigarettes on one or more of the past 7 days.
Public middle and private middle school students demonstrated significant
decreases in those who believe it is safe to smoke for only one or two years as
long as they quit after that.
Public high school students who are current smokers reported a significant
decrease in those who report wanting to stop smoking cigarettes.
A significant decrease was found in the number of public middle school students
who report being taught in any classes about tobacco use.
A significant decrease was found among public middle school students who report
living in a home where someone currently smokes.
A significant decrease was found in public high school students who are current
smokers who believe young people who smoke cigarettes have more friends.
4
Public School-Current Cigarette Use
30.3
20.6
32.5
23.0
29.2
18.1
23.1
11.9
23.4
11.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
High School Middle School
Percent
1998 1999 2000 2002 2003
Public School Current Cigarette Use
Findings from the 2003 YTS indicate 23.4% of public high school students
currently smoke cigarettes.
Of public middle school students, 11% report being current users of
cigarettes.
* YTS was not conducted in year 2001
Trends showing current cigarette use among public middle school students
continue to decline from a high reached in 1999.
Current cigarette smoking declined significantly from 1998 to 2003 for both
public high school and public middle school.
5
Public Schools-Current Cigarette Use
23.4
23.1
29.2
32.5
30.3
11.0
11.9
18.1
23.0
20.6
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
1998 1999 2000 2002 2003
Percent
High School Middle School
Public High School-Current Cigarette Use
44.2
43.7
10.3
19.2
42.2
43.5
10.9
22.6
43.4
39.9
7.8
19.8
30.5
28.0
12.7
21.2
30.0
32.1
10.4
18.1
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
White Female White Male Black Female Black Male
Percent
1998 1999 2000 2002 2003
Public High School Current Cigarette Use by Race and Gender
White public high school students current cigarette use increased in 2003 to 31.0%.
Black public high school students overall current cigarette use declined in 2003 to
14.1%.
Female public high school student current cigarette use declined in 2003 to 20.6%,
whereas male public high school student current cigarette use increased to 26.0%.
Overall, black high school students report lower rates of current cigarette use than
whites (10.4% of black females and 18.1% of black males.)
Public High School - Current Cigarette Use
27.1
33.9
43.8
14.2
30.7
34.4
42.7
16.6
26.2
32.3
41.7
13.3
21.1
25.1
29.3
16.7
20.6
26.0
31.0
14.1
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
Female Male White Black
Percent
1998 1999 2000 2002 2003
6
Public Middle School-Current Cigarette Use
18.2
23.0
22.8
17.6
19.4
26.1
23.4
21.8
16.9
19.2
20.9
15.0
11.5
12.1
13.3
8.8
9.8
12.0
10.7
10.8
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
Female Male White Black
Percent
1998 1999 2000 2002 2003
Public Middle School- Current Cigarette Use
19.8
25.5
15.7
19.7
20.2
26.4
16.6
26.5
21.6
20.3
11.7
18.3
13.2
13.5
8.0
9.7
10.0
11.5
9.3
12.3
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
White Female White Male Black Female Black Male
Percent
1998 1999 2000 2002 2003
Public Middle School Current Cigarette Use by Race and Gender
Overall current cigarette use among public middle school students decreased in
2003.
10.8% of black public middle school students reported being current cigarette users
in 2003. This represents an increase from the previous year in the black population.
9.3% of black female public middle school students reported being current cigarette
users. This represents an increase from 8.0% in the year 2002.
12.3% of black male public middle school students reported being current cigarette
users in 2003. This represents an increase from 9.7% in the year 2002.
7
Public School Current Smokeless Tobacco
9.4
9.69.6
9.19.1
7.5
10.4
6.4
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
High School Middle School
Percent
1998 1999 2000 2003
Public School Current Smokeless Tobacco Use (SLT)
Public high school smokeless tobacco use increased to 10.4% in the year 2003.
Public middle school smokeless tobacco use continued to decline to an overall
6.4%.
Tenth grade public high school students report the highest rate of Smokeless
Tobacco (SLT) use at 11.9%.
8
2003 Current Smokeless Tobacco
Public School by Grade
5.4
5.8
7.8
10.0
11.9
10.0
9.8
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
Percent
Private School-Current Cigarette Use
39.0
38.6
41.7
14.2
26.3
6.2
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
High School Middle School
Percent
1998 1999 2000 2003
Private High School-Current Cigarette Use
36.3
41.6
38.9
14.0
36.6
41.1
39.5
5.6
41.5
42.0
42.7
24.6
26.9
27.3
10.5
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
Female Male White Black
Percent
1998 1999 2000 2003
Private School Current Cigarette Use
Findings from the 2003 YTS indicate a significant decrease in current cigarette use
by private high school students to 26.3%.
Findings also indicate a significant decrease in current cigarette use by private
middle school students to 6.2%.
*2000 first year for representative data in private middle schools
Private High School Current Cigarette Use by Race and Gender
Current cigarette use in white private high school students demonstrated a
significant decrease in 2003 to 27.3%. Black private high school students current
cigarette use increased to from 5.6% (1999) to 10.5% in 1999. (*2000 results unstable
due to insufficient number of students).
9
Private Middle School - Current Cigarette Use
9.1
19.1
14.1
7.2
5.1
7.3
4.8
6.4
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Female Male White Black
Percent
2000 2003
Private High School-Current Cigarette Use
36.1
41.6
37.5
42.0
42.3
43.0
25.9
28.3
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
White Female White Male
Percent
1998 1999 2000 2003
White female private high school student current cigarette use declined in 2003 to
25.9%.
White male private high school student current cigarette use decreased to 28.3%.
Private Middle School Current Cigarette Use by Race and Gender
Female private middle school student current cigarette use declined in 2003 to
5.1%.
Male private middle school student current cigarette use decreased to 7.3%. This
was a significant decrease from a high of 19.1% in 2000.
10
Private School - Current Smokeless Tobacco Use
16.6
14.6
19.3
14.9
10.1
6.2
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
1998 1999 2000 2003
Percent
High School Middle School
Private Middle School-Current Cigarette Use
9.2
18.9
3.2
6.5
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
White Female White Male
Percent
2000 2003
White male private middle school student current cigarette use demonstrated a
decline in use from 18.9% to 6.5% in 2003.
White female private middle school student current cigarette use decreased to
3.2%.
Private School Current Smokeless Tobacco Use (SLT)
Private high school smokeless tobacco use decreased to 14.9% in the year 2003.
Private middle school smokeless tobacco use continued to decline to an overall
6.2%.
11
Access
Access
Access to Tobacco Among Public High School Students
1998
1999
2000
2002***
2003
During the past 30 days, how did you usually get your
own cigarettes?
a. I bought them in a store such as a convenience store.
43.9 ± 6.7
22.3 ± 6.2*
22.9 ± 5.1
19.4 ± 4.3
18.6 ± 2.0
b. I bought them from a vending machine.
2.2 ± 1.5
1.2 ± 1.2
2.4 ± 1.7
3.0 ± 2.6
1.9 + 0.8
c. I gave someone else money to buy them for me.
21.0 ± 4.6
37.1 ±5.7*
30.9 ± 4.6
32.5 ± 4.3
28.2 ± 2.5
d. I borrowed (or bummed) them from someone else.
19.6 ±4.7
19.2 ± 3.1
21.2 ±5.2
30.3 ± 4.4
25.0 ± 2.2
e. A person 18 years old or older gave them to me.
7.8 ± 2.5
7.2 ± 2.3
11.4 ± 3.9
9.6 ± 3.6
10.0 ± 2.0
f. I took them from a store or family member.
N/A
N/A
3.7 ± 2.1
5.1 ± 2.1
5.9 ±1.1
g. I got them some other way.**
5.4 + 2.5
13.0 ± 4.4*
7.6 ± 2.1
N/A
10.4 ± 1.6
Current smokers who tried to buy cigarettes in the past
30 days who were refused cigarette sales because of
their age.
35.1 ± 8.2
46.5 ± 7.1
37.6 ± 5.3
32.6 ± 7.6
30.0 ± 3.0
*Significant change from the previous year of data **Years 1998 and 1999 are not comparable with subsequent years because the
answer choices are not the same. ***Use caution when comparing year 2002 with other years due to the incomplete answer set.
Access to Tobacco Among Public Middle School Students
1998
1999
2000
2002***
2003
During the past 30 days, how did you usually get your
own cigarettes?
a. I bought them in a store such as a convenience store.
13.3 ± 5.3
11.0 ± 4.1
6.1 ± 2.4
8.8 ± 4.6
6.2 ± 1.6
b. I bought them from a vending machine.
2.1 ± 1.8
1.5 ± 1.1
1.8 ± 1.7
3.5 ± 2.1
2.1 + 1.0
c. I gave someone else money to buy them for me.
24.2 ± 5.3
25.7 ±4.4
23.8 ± 5.9
20.4 ± 4.7
19.5 ± 3.4
d. I borrowed (or bummed) them from someone else.
20.1 ± 2.8
22.2 ± 4.4
26.5 ±5.7
32.7 ± 6.7
24.4 ± 2.9
e. A person 18 years old or older gave them to me.
14.2 ± 3.4
12.2 ± 3.6
10.9 ± 3.9
19.2 ± 4.6
12.6 ± 2.2
f. I took them from a store or family member.
N/A
N/A
13.5 ± 4.5
15.5 ± 4.8
15.3 ± 2.6
g. I got them some other way.**
26.1 + 4.4
27.4 ± 5.6
17.4 ± 5.0
N/A
19.8 ± 2.7
Current smokers who tried to buy cigarettes in the past
30 days who were refused cigarette sales because of
their age.
N/A
N/A
N/A
34.5 ± 10.1
32.5 ± 5.2
*Significant change from the previous year of data **Years 1998 and 1999 are not comparable with subsequent years because the
answer choices are not the same. ***Use caution when comparing year 2002 with other years due to the incomplete answer set.
13
Access to Tobacco Among Private High School Students
1998
1999
2000
2003
During the past 30 days, how did you usually get your
own
cigarettes?
a. I bought them in a store such as a convenience store.
47.1±6.6
27.5 ± 4.9*
26.0 ± 4.4
22.5 ± 6.9
b. I bought them from a vending machine.
1.2 ± 1.6
1.1 ± 0.8
2.2 ± 1.7
3.6 + 2.9
c. I gave someone else money to buy them for me.
23.8 ± 6.5
31.2 ±5.7
32.7 ± 4.9
31.1 ±8.8
d. I borrowed (or bummed) them from someone else.
19.2 ±4.7
25.8 ± 4.7
26.8 ±5.7
29.4 ± 6.6
e. A person 18 years old or older gave them to me.
4.6 ± 1.8
6.0 ± 2.8
5.1 ± 2.2
5.3 ± 2.3
f. I took them from a store or family member.
N/A
N/A
2.2 ± 2.0
2.2 ±1.5
g. I got them some other way.**
4.2 + 2.3
8.4 ± 2.3
5.2 ± 1.6
5.9 ± 3.1
Current smokers who tried to buy cigarettes in the past 30 days
who were refused cigarette sales because of
their age.
41.3 ± 9.3
48.8 ± 7.5
44.3 ± 6.4
30.1 ±12.5
*Significant change from the previous year of data.
**Responses for years 1998 and 1999 are not comparable with
subsequent years because the additional answer choices were
not equivalent.
Access to Tobacco Among Private Middle School Students
1998
1999
2000
2003
During the past 30 days, how did you usually get your
own
cigarettes?
a. I bought them in a store such as a convenience store.
5.3 ± 2.9
11.4 ± 9.2
b. I bought them from a vending machine.
1.3 ± 1.8
1.1 + 2.3
c. I gave someone else money to buy them for me.
N/A N/A
33.7 ± 3.5
23.6 ±17.6
d. I borrowed (or bummed) them from someone else.
28.3 ±5.5
29.0 ± 15.2
e. A person 18 years old or older gave them to me.
6.6 ± 2.5
8.2 ± 6.1
f. I took them from a store or family member.
11.8 ± 3.6
4.8 ±4.0
g. I got them some other way.**
13.0 ± 4.7
21.7 ± 16.4
Current smokers who tried to buy cigarettes in the past 30 days
who were refused cigarette sales because of
their age.
N/A N/A N/A
***
*Significant change from the previous year of data.
**Responses for years 1998 and 1999 are not comparable with
subsequent years because the additional answer choices were
not equivalent.
14
Environmental
Tobacco
Smoke
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Public High ETS
Public Middle ETS
1998
1999
2000
2002
2003
Students who were in the same room with
someone who was smoking cigarettes on one or
more of the past 7 days
.
63.4 ±2.7
61.4 + 2.4
62.7 ± 2.6
N/A
46.6 + 2.0*
Students who rode in a car with someone who
was smoking cigarettes on one or more of the
past 7 days
.
54.5 ±2.7
53.2 ±2.1
55.4 ± 2.4
N/A
43.3 ± 1.7*
Students who live in a home with where
someone
currently smokes.
40.6 + 3.3
45.7 ± 2.6
51.3 ±3.2
51.7 + 2.3
45.6 ± 1.6*
Students reporting that smoking is not allowed in
any part of their home.
N/A
N/A
N/A
68.0 ±2.1
69.5 ± 1.9
Students reporting that in their homes, smoking
is never allowed in the presence
of children.
N/A
N/A
N/A
69.5 ± 2.1
70.9 ±1.5
Students reporting that people under 18 are
never allowed to smoke cigarettes in
their home.
N/A
N/A
N/A
85.0 ± 2.2
85.2 ±1.6
*Significant change from the previous year of data
16
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Private High ETS
Private Middle ETS
17
Awareness
Awareness
Public High Awareness
1998
1999
2000
2002
2003
CURRENT smokers who believe people get addicted to
using tobacco just like they can get addicted to using
cocaine or heroin.
91.1 ± 2.8
93.9 ± 2.4
89.3 ± 3.5
81.0 ± 4.4*
82.5 ± 2.4
NEVER smokers who believe people get addicted to
using tobacco just like they can get addicted to using
cocaine and heroin.
97.7 + 2.2
98.3 ± 0.9
96.5 ± 1.3
94.3 ± 2.6
93.8 ± 3.7
CURRENT smokers who believe young people who
smoke cigarettes have more friends.
34.8 + 5.4
30.1 ±4.4
24.8 ± 3.7
42.1 + 6.3*
28.6 ± 5.6*
NEVER smokers who believe young people who smoke
cigarettes have more friends.
28.5 + 6.0
19.4 ± 2.7*
19.1 ± 3.9
22.4 ± 4.1
11.4 ± 3.9*
CURRENT smokers who believe smoking cigarettes
makes young people look cool or fit in.
27.5 + 4.9
26.1 ±4.9
22.3 ± 3.6
24.4 ± 4.1
21.1 ± 4.0
NEVER smokers who believe smoking cigarettes makes
young people look cool or fit in.
11.7 ± 4.2
9.4 + 2.3
12.3 ±3.5
9.9 ± 2.1
8.3 ± 2.2
Of ALL students surveyed, those who believe it is safe
to smoke for only a year or two, as long as they quit
after that.
N/A
N/A
20.6 ± 3.0
18.8 ± 2.5
14.9 ± 2.8
CURRENT smokers who believe it is to
smoke for only
a year or two, as long as they quit
after that.
N/A
N/A
35.0 ± 5.4
30.1 ± 5.4
30.7 ± 6.1
CURRENT smokers who believe smoke from
other
people's cigarettes is harmful.
N/A
N/A
91.1 ± 2.2
81.8 ± 4.6*
86.2 ± 3.9
*Significant change from the previous year of data
Public Middle Awareness
1998
1999
2000
2002
2003
CURRENT smokers who believe people get addicted to
using tobacco just like they can get addicted to using
cocaine or heroin.
86.1 ±3.8
94.5 + 1.9*
89.6 ± 4.4
85.8 ± 3.2
81.8 ±3.2
NEVER smokers who believe people get addicted to
using tobacco just like they can get addicted to using
cocaine and heroin.
94.0 + 2.2
94.5 + 1.9
93.8 ± 3.0
93.0 ±1.8
88.5 ± 1.5*
CURRENT smokers who believe young people who
smoke cigarettes have more friends.
64.8 ± 7.3
59.2 ± 3.5
45.9 ± 6.7*
54.7 ± 5.8
50.9 ±3.1
NEVER smokers who believe young people who smoke
cigarettes have more friends.
30.8 ± 4.2
25.6 + 3.8
21.0 ±4.1
22.4 ±2.1
19.2 + 1.9
CURRENT smokers who believe smoking cigarettes
makes young people look cool or fit in.
43.7 + 8.0
38.5 ± 5.6
31.7
±
6.4
38.5 + 3.6
34.1 + 3.8
NEVER smokers who believe smoking cigarettes makes
young people look cool or fit in.
16.3 ± 2.7
11.6 ±2.4
9.7 ± 2.4
11.4 ±2.0
8.5 ± 1.1
Of ALL students surveyed, those who believe it is safe
to
smoke for only a year or two, as long as they quit
after
that.
N/A
N/A
17.4 ±1.6
18.6
±
3.0
11.6 ± 1.0*
CURRENT smokers who believe it is safe to smoke for
only a year or two, as long as they quit after that.
N/A
N/A
33.9 ± 2.8
38.2 ± 6.4
27.6 ± 3.2*
CURRENT smokers who believe smoke from other
people's cigarettes is harmful.
N/A
N/A
89.5 ± 2.5
79.8 ± 4.5
87.2 ± 1.3*
*Significant change from the previous year of data
19
Private High Awareness
1998
1999
2000
2003
CURRENT smokers who believe people get addicted to
using tobacco just like they can get addicted to using
cocaine or heroin.
91.1 ±2.8
93.9 ± 2.4
89.3 ± 3.5
82.5 ± 2.4*
N EVER smokers who believe people get addicted to
using
tobacco just like they can get addicted to using
cocaine and
heroin.
97.7 + 2.2
98.3 ± 0.9
96.5 ±1.3
93.8 ± 3.7
CURRENT smokers who believe young people who s
moke
cigarettes have more friends.
34.8 ± 5.4
30.1 ±4.4
24.8 + 3.7
28.6 ± 5.6
N EVER smokers who believe young people who smoke
cigarettes have more friends.
28.5 ± 6.0
19.4 ±2.7*
19.1 ±3.9
11.4
±
3.9
CURRENT smokers who believe smoking cigarettes
makes
young people look cool or fit in.
27.5 ±4.9
26.1 ±4.9
22.3 ± 3.6
21.1 ±4.0
NEVER smokers who believe smoking cigarettes makes
young
people look cool or fit in.
11.7 ±4.2
9.4 ± 2.3
12.3 ±3.5
8.3 ± 2.2
Of A L L students surveyed, those who believe it is safe
to
smoke or only a year or two, as long as they quit
after that.
N/A
N/A
20.6 ± 3.0
14.9 ±2.8
CURRENT smokers who believe it is safe to smoke for
only a
year or two, as long as they quit after that.
N/A
N/A
35.0 ± 5.4
30.7 ±6.1
CURRENT smokers who believe smoke from other
people's cigarettes is harmful.
N/A
N/A
91.1± 2.2
86.2 ± 3.9
*Significant change from the previous year of data
Private Middle Awareness
1998
1999
2000
2003
CURRENT smokers who believe people get addicted to
using
tobacco just like they can get addicted to using
cocaine or
heroin.
N/A
N/A
91.4 ± 3.0
80.3 ± 7.7*
NEVER smokers who believe people get addicted to
using
tobacco just like they can get addicted to using
cocaine and
heroin
.
N/A N/A
97.3 ± 0.9
94.1 ±1.3*
CURRENT smokers who believe young people who
smoke cigarettes have more friends.
N/A
N/A
41.5 ± 8.0
51.2 ± 9.1
NEVER smokers who believe young people who smoke
cigarettes have more friends.
N/A N/A
14.8 ± 2.7
14.1 ± 3.1
CURRENT smokers who believe smoking cigarettes
makes
young people look cool or fit in.
N/A
N/A
28.3
±
5.8
39.2 + 8.9
NEVER smokers who believe smoking cigarettes makes
young
people look cool or fit in.
N/A
N/A
7.3 ± 2.8
8.9 ± 2.7
Of All students surveyed, those who believe young
people risk harming themselves if they smoke from
1-5 cigarettes per day.
N/A
N/A
92.3 ±1.1
N/A
Of ALL students surveyed, those who believe it is safe
to smoke
for only a year or two, as long as they quit
after that.
N/A
N/A
14.8 ± 2.4
6.1
±
1.7*
CURRENT smokers who believe it is safe to smoke for
only a
year or two, as long as they quit after that.
N/A
N/A
36.7 ± 9.1
25.3 ± 12.1
Current smokers who believe they would be able to quit smoking
cigarettes now if they wanted to .
N/A
N/A
78.9 ± 5.1
N/A
CURRENT smokers who believe smoke from other
people's cigarettes is harmful.
N/A
N/A
92.3 ± 1.4
93.9 ± 2.4
*Significant change from the previous year of data
20
Influence
Influence of Friends and Adults
Public High Influence
Private High Influence
1998
1999
2000
2003
Current smokers whose parents know they smoke.
43.3 ±3.7
44.5 ± 4.7
44.3 + 7.0
42.7 ± 7.6
Current smokers whose parents ever told them not to
smoke cigarettes.
84. 2 ± 2.2
88.7 ± 1.9*
90.3 ± 2.0
N/A
Students whose parents or guardians discussed the
dangers of tobacco use with them.
N/ A
N/A
73.3 ± 2.9
74.0 ± 2.8
Of students who have visited a doctor in the past 12
months, those whose doctor or someone in a doctor's
office talked to them about the dangers of tobacco use
N/ A
N/A
12.8 ±2.8
15.3 ±4.4
Of students who have visited a dentist in the past 12
months, those whose dentist or someone in a dentist's
office talked to them about the dangers of tobacco use
N/A
N/A
10.5 ±1.9
12.4 ± 3.1
Of A L L surveyed, those who have one or more of their
four closest friends who smoke cigarettes
58.6 ± 5.9
59.9 ± 2.3
74.0 ± 4.8*
62.5 ± 5.9*
Of A L L surveyed, those who have one or more of their
four closest friends who chew tobacco, snuff or dip
40.8 + 5.8
37.5 ±5.0
56.2 ± 4.0*
N/A
Never smokers who would smoke if one of their best
friends offered them a cigarette.
3.4 + 1.8
1.8 ± 1.5
2.9 ± 1.9
1.9 ± 1.2
*Significant change from the previous year of data
1998
1999
2000
2002
2003
Current smokers whose parents know they
smoke.
46.5 ± 4.8
55.8 ± 3.9*
52.7 ± 4.6
51.1 ± 5.4
47.4 ± 2.6
Current smokers whose parents ever told them
not to smoke cigarettes.
81.9 ± 3.6
84.5 ± 3.9
82.5 ± 2.0
N/A
N/A
Students whose parents or guardians discussed
the dangers of tobacco use with them.
N/A
N/A
68.8 ± 2.2
67.2 ± 2.5
70.2 ± 1.1
Of students who have visited a doctor in the past
12 months, those whose doctor or someone in a
doctor's
office talked to them about the dangers of
tobacco use
N/A
N/A
19.0 ±2.9
N/A
20.1 ± 1.3
Of students who have visited a dentist in the past
12 months, those whose dentist or someone in a
dentist's
office talked to them about the dangers of
tobacco use
N/A
N/A
19.1 ± 3.0
N/A
16.7 ± 1.1
Of A L L surveyed, those who have one or more of
their four closest friends who smoke cigarettes
48.1 ± 3.9
50.7 ± 3.9
59.6 ± 3.4*
55.2 ± 2.3
56.9 ± 1.4
Never smokers who would smoke if one of their
best friends offered them a cigarette.
6.3 ± 2.5
2.4 ± 2.2
1.6 ± 1.2
2.9 ± 1.0
2.8 ± 0.6
*Significant change from the previous year of data
22
Curriculum
Curriculum
Public High Curriculum
1998
1999
2000
2002
2003
Students who report smoking cigarettes on
school
property during the past 30 days.
9.2 ± 1.9
11.9 ±2.2
9.9 ± 2.1
8.4 ± 1.5
7.3 ± 1.0
During the school year, students who were
taught in any classes about tobacco use.
37.6
±
4.3
41.8 ± 6.3
46.2 ± 6.4
N/A
38.8
±
2.1
During this school year, students who practiced
ways to say NO to tobacco in classes.
17.2 ± 2.6
19.1 ± 3.9
23.6
±
4.5
N/A
18.9 ±1.4
*Significant change from the previous year of data
Public Middle Curriculum
1998
1999
2000
2002
2003
Students who report smoking cigarettes on
school
property during the past 30 days
8.3 + 2.6
N/A
4.7 + 1.2
3.9 ± 1.8
3.2 + 0.7
During the school year, students who were
taught in any classes about tobacco use.
52.1 + 5.4
52.6 + 6.4
61.9 + 6.8
N/A
50.3 + 3.8*
During this school year, students who
practiced ways to say NO to tobacco in
classes.
38.0 + 4.5
35.3 + 6.6
40.6 + 3.6
N/A
33.1 ±3.3
*Significant change from the previous year of data
Private High Curriculum
1998
1999
2000
2003
Students who report smoking cigarettes on
school property during the past 30 days.
9.8 + 3.3
8.2 ± 1.8
10.5 ±2.4
8.0 ± 3.1
During the school year, students who were taught
in any classes about tobacco use.
24.1 ± 6.3
28.3 ± 7.3
28.0 ± 6.3
31.5 ± 5.9
During this school year, students who practiced
ways to say NO to tobacco in classes.
5.8 ± 1.3
8.6 ± 3.5
9.3 ± 1.6
10.3 ±3.5
*Significant change from the previous year of data
Private Middle Curriculum
1998
1999
2000
2003
Students who report smoking cigarettes on
school property during the past 30 days.
N/A
N/A
2.2 ± 1.2
1.5 ± 1.2
During the school year, students who were taught
in any classes about tobacco use.
N/A
N/A
37.4 ± 11.4
45.3 ± 6.0
During this school year, students who practiced
ways to say NO to tobacco in classes.
N/A
N/A
22.1 ± 5.0
19.0 ± 3.4
24
Cessation
Cessation
Public High Cessation
1998
1999
2000
2002
2003
CURRENT smokers who report wanting to stop
smoking cigarettes.
N/ A
N/ A
52.4 ± 9.0
60.4 ± 3.6
51.7 ± 2.6*
CURRENT smokers who, during the past 12
months, tried to quit smoking cigarettes.
53.7 ±4.5
55.8 ±4.1
51.3 ± 7.8
N/A
47.2 ± 4.5
*Significant change from the previous year of data
Public Middle Cessation
1998
1999
2000
2002
2003
CURRENT smokers who report wanting to stop
smoking cigarettes.
N/ A
N/A
60.5 ± 9.6
49.1 ± 7.3
50.1 ± 4.9
CURRENT smokers who, during the past 12
months, tried to quit smoking cigarettes.
N/A
N/A
64.6 ± 5.8
N/A
66.9 ± 2.5
*Significant change from the previous year of data
Private High Cessation
1998
1999
2000
2003
CURRENT smokers who report wanting to
stop smoking cigarettes.
N/ A
N/A
52.4 ± 9.0
38.8 + 7.5
CURRENT smokers who, during the past 12
months, tried to quit smoking cigarettes.
53.7 ±4.5
55.8 ±4.1
51.3 + 7.8
47.2 ± 4.5
*Significant change from the previous year of data
Private Middle Cessation
1998
1999
2000
2003
CURRENT smokers who report wanting to
stop smoking cigarettes.
N/ A
N/A
57.9 ± 4.6
58.2
±
9.1
CURRENT smokers who, during the past 12
months, tried to quit smoking cigarettes.
N/A
N/A
62.9
±
6.4
68.0 ± 13.5
*Significant change from the previous year of data
26
Susceptibility
Susceptibility
Public High School
Public Middle School
Private High School
Private Middle
School
Percent of students who reported
Never Smoked that are
susceptible to start smoking
based on question response.
Overall Total
21.7 ±1.5
21.3 ±1.5
22.9 ± 5.2
24.1 ±4.1
Sex
Female
20.5+1.8
20.2 ±1.9
19.0 ± 5.8
23.6 ±5.8
Male
23.2 ± 2.1
22.6 ± 2.0
27.2 ±6.2
24.5 ± 3.4
Race
White
21.6 ± 2.1
18.9 ±1.7
22.9 ±5.8
24.8 ± 5.0
Black
21.7 ± 2.4
23.2 ± 2.5
23.2 ± 9.0
*
Hispanic
19.6 ±7.0
32.0 ±5.7
* *
Other
23.7 ±8.1
23.4 ± 5.8
*
14.7 ±7.8
Grade
6th
18.6±1.8
18.8 ±4.3
7th
22.0 ± 1.6
22.8 ± 4.5
8th
24.1 ±3.5
31.0 ±8.9
9th
26.3 ± 2.6
24.0 ± 10.4
10th
22.1 ± 2.7
27.1 ± 6.0
11th
18.8 ±3.7
19.0+11.1
12th
16.0 ±3.2
19.3 ± 8.3
Susceptibility to Smoking Index
Classification of Smoking Status Criteria
Never Smoker/Non-susceptible Has never smoked even a puff of a cigarette and meets all three of the following criteria:
1) Responded 'no' to the question- Do you think you will try a cigarette soon?
2) Responded 'definitely not' to the question 'Do you think you will smoke a cigarette at
anytime during the next year?'
3) Responded 'definitely not' to the question 'If one of your best friends offered you a
cigarette, would you smoke it?'
Never-smoker/Susceptible Has never smoked even a puff of a cigarette and meets ONE of the following three
criteria:
1) Responded 'yes' to the question- 'Do you think you will try a cigarette soon?'
2) Responded 'definitely yes' or 'probably yes' or 'probably not' to the question 'Do you
think you will smoke a cigarette at anytime during the next year?'
3) Responded 'definitely yes' or 'probably yes' or 'probably not' to the question 'If one of
your best friends offered you a cigarette, would you smoke it?'
Experimenter Has smoked at least a puff but less than 100 cigarettes in entire life
Established Smoker Has smoked 100 cigarettes or more in entire life
28
Appendix
30
31
32
33
