Prepared by Dr. Manikamma N. Sultanpur
CONTENT
Definition
Sources of corruption
Top 10 scams
Types of corruption
Impact of Corruption
Steps taken For reduce Corruption
Conclusion
Corruption: The Problem
Defined: Pursuit of Personal Interests above
Public Responsibility
Goal: Control not Elimination of Corruption
The Question: Is Corruption Circumstantial and
Cultural?
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index published annually by
Transparency International since 1995 which ranks countries "by their perceived levels
of public sector
[1]
corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion
surveys."
[2]
The CPI generally defines corruption as "the misuse of public power for
private benefit".
[3]
The CPI currently ranks 176 countries "on a scale from 100 (very clean) to 0 (highly
corrupt)". Denmark and New Zealand are perceived as the least corrupt countries in
the world, ranking consistently high among international financial transparency, while
the most perceived corrupt country in the world is Somalia, ranking at 9–10 out of 100
since 2017.
[4]
Corruption Is Universal- But the
Dimensions Differ
The English Government was “a loaded compost heap
of corrupt influence”
Rt. Hon. Edmund Burke
1729-1797
DEFINITION
” MISUSE OF POWER” “LACK OF INTEGRITY OR
HONESTY;USE OF A POSITION OF TRUST FOR
DISHONEST GAIN.”
Corruption is wrongdoing on the part of an authority
or powerful party through means that are illegitimate,
immoral, or incompatible with ethical standards.
Corruption often from patronage and is associated
with bribery.
characteristics of corruption
1.Gap between group and individual interest
2. Two or more parties since one can hardly be corrupt with
one’s own self
3. Consenting adults that have a common understanding
4. Benefit furtherance
5. Existence of power that could be seized, appropriated,
entrusted or otherwise available
6. Misuse of the power that often drives a wedge between
intended and stated positions, for unintended benefits
Globalization has increased the risk of corruption but has
also increased the opportunities to curb it
types of corruption
The following are the most common forms of
corruption, as described in the United Nation Anti-
corruption Toolkit
Bribery
Misuse, theft and fraud
Blackmail
Exploitation of freedom of choice
Favouritism, nepotism and clientelism
Conduct creating or exploiting conflicting interests
Improper political contributions
TYPES OF CORRUPTION
Administrative corruption
Political corruption
Grand corruption
Petty corruption
Public corruption
TYPES OF CORRUPTION
Administrative Corruption: Alters the implication of
policies. Such as getting license even if he doesn’t qualify
for it.
Political Corruption: Influences the formulation of laws,
regulation and polices. , Such as reworking all licenses and
gaining the sole right to operate the gas station monopoly
Grand Corruption: Involve substantial amount of money
and usually high level officials , Such as Swiss accounts case
and Mehran bank scandal.
4) Petty Corruption: Involve a smaller sums and typically
more junior officials. Petty corruption basically use in a low
level business
Public Corruption: Public office is misused for private gain.
Such as police receive a money for personal gain and drop
any criminal offence.
Causes Corruption
Most studies of corruption focus on institutional
factors:
Need stronger and more effective institutions (World
Bank)
Lack of democracy
Ineffective judiciary
Unfair elections
Lack of free media
REMEDIAL MEASURES OF CORRUPTION
Lokpal Bill Implementation (Introduced since 1968).
Anti-corruption police and courts.
Vigorous punishments
Anti- corruption websites.
Anti- corruption Organizations.
Self determination of not to give bribe.
Awareness and campaigns through medias, social
networking sites, road shows etc.
corrupt industries in our country
Gambling
False Income Statement
Drug trafficking
Weapons trading
Terrorism
Selling counterfeit or stolen goods
Selling pirated versions of copyrighted items such as software and musical
recordings and
Through any other act forbidden by law.
2G Spectrum – Rs. 176,00,000
Cr.A.Raja CommonWealth Games – Rs.70,000
Cr. Suresh Kalmadi Stamp Scam – Rs. 20,000
Cr.Abdul KarimTelgi Satyam Scam – Rs. 14,000
Cr. Ramalinga Raju and members of his family Bofors Scam – 16 Million US $
Chara Gotala – 900
Cr. Laloo PrasadYadav Hawala Scandal – 18 Million US $ in 1996
IPL Scam – Latit Modi Harshad Mehta and Ketan Parikh Capital Market Scam
There are a number of common options from the
Reports seven-point agenda which can make anti-
corruption agencies more effective:
Join with international efforts
Establish benchmarks of quality
Strengthen the civil service
Encourage codes of conduct in the private sector
Establish the right to information
Exploit new technology
Support citizen action
corrupt industries in our country
Impact Of Corruption-
Hinders social and economic development and
increases poverty by diverting domestic and foreign
investment away from where it are most needed;-
Weakens education and health systems, depriving
people of the basic building blocks of a decent life;-
Undermines democracy by distorting electoral
processes and undermining government institutions,
which can lead to political instability;- Exacerbates
inequality and injustice by perverting the rule of law
and punishing victims of crime through corrupt
rulings
ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICE AND
COURTS BHOOMI PROJECT
Bhoomi is a project jointly funded by the Government
of India and the Government of Karnataka to digitize
the paper land records and create a software
mechanism to control changes to the land registry in
Karnataka. Shri K. Santhanam Committee
ANTI-CORRUPTION ORGANIZATIONS
Dr. Jayaprakash Narayan, a former I.A. S. officer and
renowned activist from Andhra Pradesh, India.The
movement was started in 1996 with the founding of Lok
Satta, a non-governmental organization. In 2006, the
movement transformed into Lok Satta Party. Goals
Democratization of political parties to make them open,
transparent, and accountable in all aspects. Electoral
reforms to make elections truly democratic, fair and
transparent; to facilitate and promote participation of the
best men and women in India's political process; Effective
decentralization of governance through empowerment of
local governments as participative tiers of constitutional.
Effective functioning of legislature. Measures to make
bureaucracy truly accountable, responsive, and efficient at
all levels. Institutional checks to prevent abuse of office.
freedom of information for transparent governance;
The Right to Information Act (RTI)
of 2005
helped civilians work effectively towards tackling
corruption. It allows Indian citizens to request
information, for a fixed fee of RS.15(US$0.22), from a
"public authority" (a body of Government or
"instrumentality of State"). In turn, this public
authority is required to reply to the request within
thirty days. Activists have used this to uncover
corruption cases against various politicians and
bureaucrats – one consequence being that some of
those activists have been attacked and even killed.
Anti-corruption activist
Anna Hazare
Anti-corruption activist Anna Hazare believes Prime
Minister Narendra Modi’s decision on Tuesday night to
wipe out black money by scrapping the currency notes
of Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 was a revolutionary step. And
could lead to the beginning of a “new India marching
towards a corruption-free society”. The 79-year-old
says the next step should be towards electoral reforms
to check black money in the poll process.
CONCLUSION
Coruption, as we know is the criminal thing that do by a person in a
certain capacity especially with negative connotation, they do the illegal
thing to make a benefit for them self. Black money has created a big black
hole in Indian economy & the entire burden is beared by the common
people of India. To stop corruption which creates black money, we the
people of India have to come forward to fight against corruption.
So coruption is an illegal thing that we couldn’t do, because, with out
coruption we can be a good generetion for our country. And then we can
make our country clear from coruption and make our country better.
India is a fast developing country in the world where our systems are
weak. So there is always a chance of corruption. Who is responsible for
this? What action should be taken? What we must keep in mind is “
Nothing is Impossible”. If we join our hands together there can be an end
to this deep rooted evil. The only thing is it takes time. A little progress
everyday leads to a big result one day………..may be tomorrow. Be Good
and Do Good.
India has earned a place among the THREE
most corrupt countries in the world.
Corruption in India is a consequence of the nexus
between Bureaucracy, politics and criminals.
C K Prahalad estimated that almost Rs. 2.5 lakh crore
is earned by politicians over a 5 year term.
Source: KPMG’s Bribery and Corruption Survey 2011
What should common people do? Common people
should use RTI to expose corruption. With informed
collective assertion, common people can over years
transform the extent of corruption in India. Common
people should elect clean politicians.
