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Present simple and present continuous
Why is the girl in the photo smiling?
1
Why is the girl in the photo smiling? It sounds like
an easy question: she’s having a good time with
friends and she’s feeling good after a good shot.
But psychologists are forever arguing about this
question.
Some believe that smiling is an individual act: we
smile because we feel happy ... unless we’re trying
to hide our emotions. Others claim that we smile to
build social relationships. Some animals use a grin
to show that they don’t want to ght, for example,
so perhaps our smile serves the same function.
So who’s right? In one study, researchers lmed
people bowling. If you watch people doing a
very social activity like this, it looks as if they’re
always smiling. They stop smiling only when they
are concentrating on their next shot. But when
do they start smiling again? After each good shot,
the researchers took photographs to identify when
the smile starts – while the player is still looking
down the alley or a few seconds later when they
turn round to share their happiness with the
group?
And the results? Only around 4% of bowlers
smile with their backs to their friends. Far more
– 42% – smile as soon as they turn round. The
conclusion: we usually smile not because we’re
happy, but because we’re friendly.
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A bowler smiles at her
friends after a good shot.
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Practice
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Fh[i[dji_cfb[WdZfh[i[djYedj_dkekią
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City striker Simon Johnson
(
a new contract, and the club
)
the possibility of offering him a ve-year deal, according to
Johnson’s website. The news
*
Johnson’s winning goal in last Saturday’s game against their
rivals United. Johnson’s agent told reporters: ‘Simon
+
the best football of his
career, and the fans
,
him. He
-
a lot of goals at the moment,
and he
.
he can help the club
to win the league. Simon
/
one of the best players at the club, and right now he
'&
scoring lots more goals for
them in the next twelve months.’
)´MWEARINGBLACKJEANS)´MREADING
7ARAND0EACE
)ALWAYSGOTOBEDEARLY
JOHNSON
'
FOR NEW CONTRACT
!3+3
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ýü
Past simple and past continuous; used to and would
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Arjumand Banu Begam was working in her shop when
Prince Khurram saw her for the rst time as he was walking
through the market. He immediately decided this was the
woman he wanted to marry. Indian princes, however, didn’t
use to marry for love but for political reasons, so marriage
between Khurram and Arjumand was impossible. It was six
years before the prince could marry the woman he loved, but
when it nally happened the wedding was magnicent . A
long procession travelled to Arjumand’s house, and musicians
sang and threw owers to the hundreds of people who were
watching. At the wedding, the prince’s father gave Arjumand
the name of Mumtaz, or ‘Chosen One’, as a present.
When Khurram’s father died, he became Emperor Shah Jahan,
or ‘King of the World’. He had many responsibilities and
was frequently leading his army off to ght in different
parts of the empire. Mumtaz would always travel with
him and sometimes she even used to go with him into
battle. Sadly, while her husband was ghting one of
these battles, Mumtaz fell ill. As she was dying, Shah
Jahan promised to build a beautiful monument in
her memory. After Mumtaz died, Shah Jahan quickly
began to turn his promise into reality, and twenty years
later the Taj Mahal, perhaps the greatest symbol of love
the world has ever seen, was nally completed.
Past simple and past continuous;
used to and would
Musicians sang and threw flowers.
2
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Practice
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Mark Lloyd and Jeremy Day
Excerpt
More information
ýĀ
Present perfect simple and present
perfect continuous
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A new report on climate change has shown that other
reports were wrong about the effect of human activity on
the Earth’s temperature. The planet’s temperature has been
rising since the beginning of the 20th century, and has
increased by nearly 0.8°C in that time. Earlier reports said
this increase was the result of natural changes, but the new
report says the main cause has been a rise in the levels
of greenhouse gases because of increased industrial activity.
The higher temperatures have already had dramatic
effects. In the Arctic, the area covered by ice has been
getting smaller for more than 30 years, and average sea
levels have risen by 3 mm each year since the beginning
of this century, increasing the danger of ooding in many
areas. So far this century many parts of the world, including
South-East Asia, Africa, Central Europe and the Caribbean,
have already had the worst oods anyone can remember. If the
new report is correct, it seems that we are now seeing the cost to
the environment of the growth that the developed world has been
enjoying over the last two hundred years.
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tip
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The higher temperatures have had dramatic effects.
3
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Mark Lloyd and Jeremy Day
Excerpt
More information
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www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-15250-1 - Active Grammar Level 3 With Answers
Mark Lloyd and Jeremy Day
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