New York University
Stern School of Business
Fall 2020
P a g e 8 | 12
The first year of law school is devoted to a process of “re-education” because law schools see
themselves as teaching people to “think like lawyers.” Students are forced to think critically and
precisely and to articulate their ideas with clarity and conviction. Although its dominance has
declined in recent years, the Socratic teaching method remains the principal classroom tool in this
educational process. The Socratic method entails rapidly paced questions by the professor and
answers by the student(s)—a give-and-take session in the classroom setting—which are designed to
teach students how to analyze and synthesize into a coherent framework the raw materials of the
common law. A law professor will rarely explain precisely what the rule of law is in a particular
case or area, often because it is impossible to do so. Instead, the students are expected to develop
and organize their own understanding of the shape and trend in precedent as they digest hundreds of
appellate judicial decisions. Daily classes, as well as examinations (which are in essay form
requiring legal analysis of a factual hypothetical situation and usually offered once in each course at
the end of the semester or full academic year), require extensive reading and preparation.
Accomplishment, however, depends far more upon skill at rapid analysis and articulation than upon
memory and regurgitation. Group projects, at least during the first year of law school, are
uncommon—although studying with other students is very common.
In addition to the traditional “casebook” courses that traditionally have typified legal education, most
law school students participate in legal writing or “lawyering” courses, which may include “moot
court” programs. These provide an introduction to the essential skills of research, preparation of
memoranda, briefs, and other legal documents, as well as to negotiation, conflict resolution, and oral
advocacy. In the second and third years, students select from a variety of traditional casebook
courses that further enhance basic skills while providing substantive familiarity with more
specialized areas of law, e.g. evidence, taxation, corporations, securities, family law, environmental
law, labor law, international law, etc. Most law schools also offer seminars in a variety of disciplines
such as legal philosophy, as well as clinical programs that enable students to pursue specialized
interests and perform legal tasks under clinical professors’ supervision. Indeed, clinical and
“cooperative” programs have become increasingly important tools in legal education and many
students choose a law school based upon the variety and reputation of an institution’s clinical
offerings.
Experience outside the classroom is as vital to legal education—especially to second and third year
students—as formal coursework. Law students learn as much from their peers (usually in close-knit
study groups) as from their professors; many extracurricular activities in law school revolve around
student-run projects in legal education and advocacy. On the academic side, most law schools have
advanced programs in moot court for students who believe they will engage in trial and/or appellate
advocacy as a lawyer. Student publications, such as different levels and types of law reviews, offer
legal scholarship in periodical form. Students are invited to serve as editors of these law reviews
based on the grades they receive during their first year of law school and/or the results they obtain on
targeted writing competitions. On a more practical level, many students participate in organizations
that provide legal assistance or research to the elderly, indigents, prison inmates, and other groups at
the center of social and political controversy. Note that law schools are dramatically modifying their
curriculum. See final page of this document for further details.