4. Infrastructure in Indian Economy: Meaning and Importance of Infrastructure - Water
supply and Sanitation - Energy and Power - Science and Technology - Rural and Urban
Infrastructure: Ports, Roads, Airports, Railway, Telecommunication. Social Impact
Assessment.
5. Trends and patterns in structure of population over time – growth rate, gender, ruralurban
migration, literacy, regional; Structure and trends of Poverty and Inequality; Unemployment
– trends, structure and National Rural Employment Policies. Indicators of development-
Physical Quality of Life Index, Human Development Index, Human Poverty Index, Gender
Development Index, National Happiness Index.
6. Indian Public finance; Indian tax system, public expenditure, public debt, deficit and
subsidies in the Indian economy. Center-State financial relation. Recent fiscal and monetary
policy issues and their impact, GST: Concept and Implications.
7. Trend, composition, structure and direction of India’s Foreign Trade. India’s Balance of
payments Situation in post reforms period.
8. Gujarat economy-An overview; social sector in Gujarat- Education, Health, and Nutrition.
Gujarat Economy in relation to India and major states in recent decades, major problems in
agriculture, forest, water resources, mining, industry and service Sector. Development
policies for economic and social infrastructure – An appraisal.
(B) Geography
1. General Geography: Earth in Solar system, Motion of the Earth, Concept of time, Season,
Internal Structure of the Earth, Major landforms and their features. Atmosphere-structure
and composition, elements and factors of Climate, Airmasses and Fronts, atmospheric
disturbances, climate change. Oceans: Physical, chemical and biological characteristics,
Hydrological Distasters, Marine and Continental resources.
2. Physical: World, India and Gujarat : Major physical divisions, Earthquakes, landslides,
Natural drainage, climatic changes and regions, Monsoon, Natural Vegetation, Parks and
Sanctuaries, Major Soil types, Rocks and Minerals.
3. Social: World, India and Gujarat : distribution, density, growth, Sex-ratio, Literacy,
Occupational Structure, SC and ST Population, Rural-Urban components, Racial, tribal,
religious and linguistic groups, urbanization, migration and metropolitan regions.
4. Economic: World, India and Gujarat: Major sectors of economy, Agriculture, Industry and
Services, their salient features. Basic Industries-Agro, mineral, forest, fuel and manpower
based Industries, Transport and Trade, Pattern and Issues.
(C) Science & Technology