P. Ernest / Journal of Pedagogical Research, 3(1), 80-91 90
beneficence, and justice (Wikipedia, n. d.). Other professions, like those of teaching and university
lecturing can probably learn a great deal from what goes on in the ethics training at medical
school. Unesco (n. d.), often a forerunner in the area of ethics, has been offering Ethics Teachers’
Training Courses since 2007. These courses were initiated through concerns with Bioethics and
Ethics of Science and Technology, but the course content is general and has pointers for teacher
training in ethics more widely.
Of course I am not claiming that teaching and other professions cannot be ethical without the
teaching of ethics. Human ethics is primarily learned through examples, from good upbringing,
fair schooling and interpersonal interactions with others. However, my goal is to make teaching
professionals more conscious about the ethics of their profession and to be aware if their own
ethical agency. So in my view explicit attention to, and discussion of, the ethics of education is
essential. It needs to be brought in right from the outset of teacher education. This is especially
important for mathematics teachers because of the widespread idea that mathematics is ethics-free.
In recent years the subtext of official curriculum documents is that a teacher is just a skilled
technician delivering the curriculum to classes of students, to be judged by targets achieved.
Bringing ethics to the fore in a discussion of teaching reminds us that a teacher is a moral agent
and that the relationship with students is paramount. It may sound idealistic but I believe the
secret of outstanding teaching is care. Caring is a deep commitment to another person, the student
in this case; caring about how they feel, about what interests them, about how best to support them
in their present efforts, and their future ambitions. It involves talking to and listening to each
student to uncover their passions, curricular or extra-curricular, and helping them to fulfil their
dreams; academic, artistic, musical, sporting, or whatever. Of course these responsibilities are
shared among all of a student’s teachers. But I believe that when a student achieves success in any
endeavour it energises their whole life including study and lets them focus their energies and
grow into a contributing and, it is to be hoped, fulfilled member of society. Caring for students and
helping them to achieve their best must be the greatest good a teacher can do.
7. Conclusion
Like all human beings and professionals, mathematics teachers share an obligation of care towards
those in their charge. Exercising this responsibility at its best provides a source and model of
inspiration for students, both in the present and for the future. Beyond this, ethical mathematics
teaching requires an analysis and scrutiny of the aims of school mathematics and their
implications, epistemologically, socially and ethically. Mathematics teachers share the obligation to
consider the ethical consequences of different pedagogies, and selections of content and
representations of content. The ethics of teaching must address the dilemmas posed by the spread
of achievement levels in mathematics and to reconcile it with the obligation to provide an equal
treatment of all students. There is a tendency for teachers to be viewed as technicians responsible
for simply delivering the mathematics curriculum as decided by others. However, this paper
argues that teachers should not and need not abnegate their ethical agency while meeting their
professional and institutional commitments. By shouldering their ethical responsibilities, both the
teaching and learning of mathematics become enhanced and more effective and rewarding for
everybody concerned, teachers and students alike.
References
Askew, M., Brown, M., Rhodes, V., Johnson, D. & Wiliam, D. (1997). Effective teachers of numeracy, final report.
London: King’s College, University of London.
Dalberg, J. E. M. (Lord Acton) (1887). Letter to Archbishop Mandell Creighton. Consulted 11 October 2018 at
https://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/165acton.html
Ernest, P. (1991). The Philosophy of Mathematics Educatio., London: The Falmer Press.
Ernest, P. (2018). The ethics of mathematics: Is mathematics harmful?. In P. Ernest (Ed.) The Philosophy of
Mathematics Education Today (Vol. I, pp. 187-216). Switzerland: Springer International.