10 11
2005 | ANNUAL REPORT
2005 blood cancer
highlights
research
In addition to funding research focused on specific
blood cancers, the Society invests in research that holds
promise for finding cures and improved therapies across
the entire blood cancer spectrum. The following are
examples of important studies:
■
Jose Villadangos, Ph.D., Walter & Eliza Hall Institute
of Medical Research, received a Career Development
Program (CDP) grant to study the
Control of Antigen
Presentation, Cross-Presentation and Migration in
Dendritic Cells.
He is studying one way in which our
immune system can fight cancer. This involves
anti-cancer “killer” T cells that are recruited by other
immune system cells known as dendritic cells (DC).
These cells take parts of cancer cells, break them into
smaller pieces and display these pieces to the killer
cells, which recognize them. The killer cells then seek
and destroy other, related cancer cells. However,
cancer cells sometimes avoid detection by dendritic
cells, and then a tumor can expand. To get around this
limitation, Dr. Villadangos will obtain dendritic cells
from patients and put them in the test tube with
cancer cell pieces to generate “DC vaccines.” The
vaccines can then be re-introduced to patients to
activate anti-cancer killer cells. He will learn how the
dendritic cells obtain the cancer cell pieces, process
them and display them on their surfaces. This
knowledge is likely to improve methods for generating
DC vaccines that will have broad applications in
anti-cancer therapies.
■
David Scadden, M.D., Massachusetts General Hospital,
received a Translational Research Program grant for
the study
Therapeutic Manipulation of the Stem Cell
Niche.
Hematopoietic stem cells are the cells from
which all normal red and white blood cells derive, and
adult stem cell transplantation is an important therapy
for individuals with advanced leukemia, lymphoma or
myeloma. Unfortunately, transplant success depends
in part on the number of stem cells that can be
recovered from donors, and blood stem cells are rare.
Dr. Scadden has discovered a drug, parathyroid
hormone (PTH), that might increase pre-transplant
stem cell harvests. Dr. Scadden and his colleagues
will test the effect of PTH on the number of adult
blood stem cells in a mouse transplant model and in
human patients. If PTH treatment increases the stem
cell recovery rate, it could be used to improve the
successful application of stem cell transplants for
hematologic malignancies.
■
David Weinstock, M.D., Memorial Sloan-Kettering
Cancer Center, received a CDP grant to study
the chromosomal breakage and exchange that
results in an abnormality called a “translocation,”
commonly found in various types of blood cancers.
The
Chromosomal Translocations after RAG-Mediated
DNA Double Strand Breaks
project is aimed at
understanding how chromosome breaks occur and
how normal cells repair them. Using a novel system
they have developed, Dr. Weinstock and his group
will determine which proteins prevent and which
ones facilitate translocation formation. In addition,
they will study how chemotherapies for various
human cancers can promote translocation formation,
producing secondary blood cancers. The ultimate goal
of this project is to be able to prevent chromosome
translocations and block blood cancer formation.
patient services
In addition to disease-specific information and services,
the Society provides resources of relevance and interest
to all blood cancer patients. This is a small sample
of programs and materials made available this year:
■
Breaking Through the Age Barrier: Getting the
Best Cancer Treatment,
is a series of chapter-based
educational workshops launched this year. More than
half of all cancers occur in people older than 65, and
these patients may need special attention when it
comes to cancer treatment. The program helps deter
the outdated notion that people in this age group
are “too old” to benefit from therapies that are
standard for younger segments of the population.
The workshops familiarize older blood cancer patients
and their caregivers with information on treatments
to help them communicate more effectively with
healthcare professionals. The Comprehensive Geriatric
Assessment, a checklist to help oncologists evaluate
older patients’ capacity to undergo treatment and side
effects, was introduced as part of this program.
■
Also published this year is A Toolkit for Older
Adults with Cancer and Their Caregivers,
which
includes booklets on choosing a healthcare team,
understanding treatment options, clinical trials and
financial matters; and a guide to help caregivers
understand the ins and outs of their important role.
■
Cognitive and Late Effects Related to Childhood
Cancer
is a teleconference education program
featuring Daniel Armstrong, Ph.D., University of Miami
School of Medicine. In this program, Dr. Armstrong
discusses new research on the potential long-term
effects of cancer treatment on a child’s ability to learn
and, eventually, to work and participate in social
relationships. The potential effects of chemotherapy
and radiation therapy were discussed, along with
some of the educational and pharmaceutical
measures being used to address cognitive problems
that can result from cancer treatment. The special
needs of these children with respect to individualized
education plans were also addressed.
advocacy
Advocates for blood cancer patients faced many
legislative challenges in 2005, but the Society was
ready, scoring some notable successes for cancer
research and education.
Our advocacy efforts strengthened in March during
the annual Mission Day in Washington, D.C.
More than 250 Society supporters lobbied legislators
to increase funding for various medical programs
important to cancer patients.
Their efforts paid off. Despite significant federal budget
cuts, the Society was able to secure an additional $5
million for blood cancer research at the U.S. Department
of Defense, and an additional $5 million for blood
cancer education provided by the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.
The Society’s free information programs and
services for blood cancer patients, their families
and caregivers are accessible in a variety
of user-friendly venues:
■
Call (800) 955-4572 or email
(infocenter@LLS.org) an information
specialist at our Information Resource Center
■
Visit our Web site at www.LLS.org
■
Learn the latest about any of the blood cancers
through our online education workshops and
teleconferences, archived on our Web site
■
Visit or contact any of our 66 chapters in the
United States and Canada, providing information
and support services at the community level