Advanced Base Plate Technical Background V1, 2019
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Figures
Figure 1. Anchors modeled by springs in steel-to-concrete connection ....................................................... 4
Figure 2. Reduction of inner lever arm for non-rigid base plates ................................................................. 5
Figure 3. Increase of anchor forces due to prying effects ............................................................................. 6
Figure 4. Increase of anchor forces due to different load distribution for non-rigid base plates ................. 6
Figure 5. Different concrete stress distribution ............................................................................................ 7
Figure 6. Displacement of cantilever beam in case of rigid and non-rigid base plate .................................. 7
Figure 7. Example compering rigid vs flexible ............................................................................................... 8
Figure 8. Base plate design options for determination of the load distribution to the anchors .................. 8
Figure 9. Rigid base plate behavior ............................................................................................................... 9
Figure 10. Steps taken in the rigid design ................................................................................................... 10
Figure 11. Two examples comparing non- rigid base plate ......................................................................... 11
Figure 12. FEM model of a connection for research. It uses spatial 3D elements for both plates and
anchors ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Figure 13. Material diagrams of steel in numerical models ........................................................................ 13
Figure 14. The mesh on a column and baseplate with constraints between the web and the flange ....... 14
Figure 15. The mesh on a baseplate with 16 elements along its width ...................................................... 15
Figure 16. Influence of mesh size of base plate stress ................................................................................ 15
Figure 17. Schematic load displacement ..................................................................................................... 16
Figure 18. Anchors with stand-off with grouting ........................................................................................ 16
Figure 19: Selection of standoff with grout ................................................................................................. 17
Figure 20: Example of steel shear resistance of Hilti Anchor with lever arm ............................................. 17
Figure 21. Constraint between weld element and mesh nodes, source [11] ............................................. 19
Figure 22. Designation of the steel grade according to EN 10025 (2004). Source: The right choice of steel
[13] .............................................................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 23: Point of applied load for shear with lever arm .......................................................................... 20
Figure 24. Advanced settings to change safety factors ............................................................................... 21
Figure 25: Selection of seismic load combinations ..................................................................................... 22
Figure 26: Capacity and elastic design ........................................................................................................ 22
Figure 27. Example of steel stress ............................................................................................................... 27
Figure 28. Example plastic strain ................................................................................................................. 28
Figure 29. Equivalent stress and plastic strain ............................................................................................ 28
Figure 30. Contact stress in concrete .......................................................................................................... 32
Figure 31. Influence of number of elements on prediction of resistance of concrete in compression in
case of pure compression ........................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 32. The influence of number of elements on prediction of resistance of concrete in compression in
case of compression and bending ............................................................................................................... 33
Figure 33. Decomposition of weld loads, source [11] ................................................................................. 34
Figure 34. Deformation ............................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 35. Definition of "Close to rigid" base plates ................................................................................... 38