Guidance on qualications for
fertility counselors: a
committee opinion
Practice Committee and the Mental Health Professional Group of the American Society for Reproductive
Medicine
This guidance document was developed by the Mental Health Professional Group (MHPG) in partnership with the Practice Committee of
the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) to help determine the qualications and training of mental health profes-
sionals working in reproductive medicine. This document replaces the document titled ‘‘ ASRM Qualication Guidelines for Infertility,’’
last published in March 2015 and originally developed in 1995. (Fertil Steril
Ò
2021;115:14115. Ó2021 by American Society for Repro-
ductive Medicine.)
El resumen está disponible en Español al nal del artículo.
Key Words: Infertility, third-party reproduction, mental health professional, qualications
Discuss: You can discuss this article with its authors and other readers at https://www.fertstertdialog.com/posts/32458
INTRODUCTION
Mental health professionals play an
important role in reproductiv e medi-
cine due to the complex psycho social
issues fac ed by fertility patients. As
technological advances in fertility
treatment and the use of fertility ser -
vices in diverse populations have
increased, there are growi ng needs
for the skills and services of trained
fertility counselors to assist patients
and staff. Fertility counseling includes
psychotherapeutic intervention and
psychoeducational support for indi-
viduals and couples experiencing
fertility problems , as well as those uti-
lizing assisted repro ductive technol-
ogy to build a family or pres erve
fertility. Third-party fertility coun-
seling also includes the utilization of
psycholog ical assessments to deter-
mine candidacy. The current docu-
ment is an update of the 2015
revision of t he 1995 American Society
for Reproduc tive Medicine (ASRM)
Qualication Guidelines for Infertility
(1) written by members of the ASRM
Mental Health Professional Group
(MHPG) in partne rship with the
ASRM Practice Committee.
A qualied fertility counselor
should be able to provide, or refer pa-
tients appropriately to, the following
services:
Diagnosis and treatment of mental
disorders
Grief counseling
Supportive counseling
Crisis intervention
Education/information counseling
Decision-making counseling
Third-party evaluation and implica-
tions counseling
Psychometric test administration
and interpretation
Sexual counseling
Support group counseling
Psychotherapy
Couples and family therapy
Referral/resource counseling
Reproductive endocronolo gy a nd
infertility staff education and
consultatio n
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM
QUALIFICATIONS AND
TRAINING
Mental health professionals working in
reproductive medicine should have the
following minimum qualications and
training:
Graduate Degree and Training
Requirements
A masters or doctoral degree from an
accredited university in the elds of
psychology, psychiatry, social work,
psychiatric nursing, counseling, or
marriage and family therapy. This
translates to a specic minimum
educational qualication that can be
explicitly stated to include one of
the following masters level or higher
degrees: Ph.D., PsyD, M.D., DO, DNP,
MSW, MSN, MFT, MA, and MS in
clinical psychology, psychology, psy-
chiatry, counseling, marriage and
family therapy, or psychiatric nursing.
The curriculum and training should
include psychopathology, personality
theory, life cycle and family develop-
ment, family systems theory, bereave-
ment and loss theory, crisis
intervention, psychotherapeutic inter-
vention, and individual, marital, and
group therapy.
Received February 9, 2021; accepted February 10, 2021; published online April 7, 2021.
Reprint requests: American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 1209 Montgomery Highway,
Birmingham, Alabama 35216 (E-mail: [email protected]).
Fertility and Sterility® Vol. 115, No. 6, June 2021 0015-0282/$36.00
Copyright ©2021 American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Published by Elsevier Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.02.016
VOL. 115 NO. 6 / JUNE 2021 1411
Graduate training should include a clinical practicum or
internship in psychotherapy or counseling that was super-
vised by a licensed mental health professional.
Psychological Testing Prociency Associated With
Third-Party Reproduction
The ASRM (2017) guidance documents recommend that
those individuals being considered for third-party reproduc-
tion undergo a psychosocial consultation with psychological
testing when appropriate.
Competency in psychological assessment requires highly
specialized training that includes didactic instruction, super-
vised experience, and ongoing education to provide ethical
practice (2, 3). The Standards for Educational and Psychologi-
cal Testing (4) are considered the gold standard for guidance on
testing and are published jointly by the American Psycholog-
ical Association, American Education Research Association,
and National Council on Measurement in Education. Content
areas necessary for competency in test administration and
interpretation are documented in the test user qualication
guidelines proposed by the American Psychological Associa-
tion (5), as well as a number of guidance documents set forth
by multiple mental health disciplines (26). Individuals
within any mental health discipline (eg, social work,
counseling, marriage and family therapy, and psychiatry)
may have received the basic educational, clinical, and
supervision training for competent and ethical testing (2, 5).
Publishers and developers of psychological tests also
provide statements regarding the basic qualication levels
required for the purchas e of psychological testing. Test pub-
lis hers such as PAR, Inc., and Pearson do not provide state-
ments regarding the basic qualication levels requ ired for
the administration and interpretation of psychological tests.
Rather, they explicitly state that they rely on the guidance
in the standard s and documents cited above regardi ng qual-
ications for competent and ethical use of tests (7, 8).
Mental health professionals wishing to administer and
interpret psychological test s should review the specic
psychological test publishers and developers refe renced
qualicatio n gui delines to ensure they meet stated
requirements.
Mental health professionals who did not receive relevant
training in the administration and interpretation of psycho-
logical tests, but who would like to utilize such tests in their
practices, are encouraged to seek out relevant graduate-
level courses or training from an appropriate licensing or cer-
tication agency. Information on such courses and training
can be obtained from published guidance documents and
state licensing laws (3, 5, 9). In addition, arrangements can
be made with appropriately quali ed colleagues to provide
test interpretation.
As with other areas of clinical practice, it is paramount
that clinicians follow their state licensure requirements, their
professional organization recommendations, and guidelines
established for competence in testing.
License to Practice
Mental health professionals must have a license (or registra-
tion/certication, where applicable) in the respective mental
health eld in which they hold an advanced academic degree
in accordance with state and federal laws, professional orga-
nization recommendations, and liability insurance coverage.
Clinicians providing telemental health services must also
follow applicable state and federal laws, professional organi-
zation recommendations, and liability insurance coverage
requirements (10).
Knowledge of the Medical, Legal, and
Psychological Aspects of Infertility
It is mandatory that all fertility counselors have and maintain
a comprehensive knowledge of contemporary human repro-
ductive technologies, the legislative frameworks within which
these technologies are practiced, and the emotional and psy-
chological experiences and needs of fertility patients and
other invested parties (11, 12). The ASRM recommends
completion of ASRM training modules as a method of demon-
strating training beyond general qualications.
It is important that all fertility counselors have funda-
mental familiarity with the following specic topics:
A. Medical and legal aspects
a. Basic human reproductive physiology
b. Etiology of male and female infertility
c. Testing, diagnosis, and treatment of reproductive
problems
d. Genetics, genetic testing, and embryogenesis
e. Development and application of assisted reproductive
technologies
f. Basic understanding of the potential harmful effects of
chemotherapy and radiation on fertility
g. Federal and state-specic legislation governing assis-
ted reproductive technologies
B. Psychology of infertility
a. Marital and familial issues associated with infertility
and its impact on sexual functioning
b. Approaches to the psychology of infertility, including
psychological assessment, bereavement/loss, crisis
intervention, posttraumatic stress, stress and coping,
and typical/atypical responses
c. Family-building alternatives, including adoption,
third-party reproduction, and child-free lifestyles
d. Individual and couples treatments that are diversity
sensitive and culturally competent
e. Legal, ethical, and religious issues associated with
infertility treatments
f. Issues related to self-esteem, body image, and identity
g. Research and clinical literature on
i. Psychosocial aspects of infertility and assisted
reproductive technologies in both intended par-
ents and third parties (eg, donors, gestational car-
riers, families, social networks)
1412 VOL. 115 NO. 6 / JUNE 2021
ASRM PAGES
ii. Psychosocial and developmental issues of
children conceived by assisted reproductive
technologies
iii. Psychosocial aspects of fertility treatment for a
range of populations, such as single women, sin-
gle men, LGBTQ individuals and couples, and
patients of advanced parental age
iv. Psychosocial aspects of fertility preservation
and treatment for transgender patients, patients
with a serious medical illness, and patients
using planned embryo, oocyte, or sperm
cryopreservation
v. Pregnancy loss
vi. Parenting after infertility
vii. Issues of privacy, condentiality, and patients
rights
viii. Issues related to disclosure of donor conception
to offspring
ix. Impact of psychotropic medications
x. Sexual identity and functioning
Postlicensure Clinical Experience
The licensed mental health professional should have a mini-
mum of one year of clinical experience providing fertility
counseling and/or third-party evaluations under the supervi-
sion of, or in consultation with, a qualied and experienced
fertility counselor. For qualied individuals interested in con-
ducting psychological testing in the context of third-party
reproduction, there should be one year of clinical supervised
experience with a qualied licensed mental health profes-
sional procient in testing protocol and interpretation, in
addition to the requirements listed above (3).
Continuing Education
Mental health professionals working in reproductive medi-
cine should regularly attend continuing education courses
offered by the ASRM or other organizations and educational
institutions accredited to provide continuing education in
both the medical and the psychological aspects of reproduc-
tive health care. This is necessary for continued growth in
knowledge and skills for providers in the eld. Membership
in the ASRM MHPG is strongly encouraged to provide addi-
tional opportunities for learning, collegial interactions for
mental health professionals in this eld, and access to Prac-
tice and Ethics Committee Documents and other important
publications.
Fertility Counseling Pra ctice Within and Outside
the United States
Several guidance documents exist for qualications and
training for mental health professionals working in reproduc-
tive medicine in other countries, including
Guidelines for Counselling in Infertility, European Society
of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) (13)
Guidelines for professional standards of practice in infer-
tility counselling, Australian and New Zealand Infertility
Counsellors Association (ANZICA) (14)
Assisted human reproduction counselling practice guide-
lines, Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society Counsel-
ling Special Interest Group (CSIG) (15)
How to become an infertility counsellor, British Infertility
Counseling Association (BICA) (16)
Qualication guidelines for infertility counselors, ASRM
(16)
These documents speak to the global need for qualied
mental health professionals to work side by side with medical,
nursing, embryology, and andrology personnel to provide
care to fertility patients.
Acknowledgments: This report was developed under the
direction of the Practice Committee of the ASRM as a service
to its members and other practicing clinicians. Although this
document reects appropriate management of a problem
encountered in the practice of reproductive medicine, it is
not intended to be the only approved standard of practice
or to dictate an exclusive course of treatment. Other plans
of management may be appropriate, taking into account the
needs of the individual patient, available resources, and insti-
tutional or clinical practice limitations. The Practice Commit-
tee and the Board of Directors of the ASRM have approved
this report. This document was reviewed by ASRM members,
and their input was considered in the preparation of the nal
document. The following members of the ASRM Practice
Committee participated in the development of this document:
Alan Penzias, M.D., Ricardo Azziz, M.D., M.P.H., M.B.A., Kris-
tin Bendikson, M.D., Marcelle Cedars, M.D., Tommaso Fal-
cone, M.D., Karl Hansen, M.D., Ph.D., Micah Hill, D.O.,
William Hurd, M.D., M.P.H., Sangita Jindal, Ph.D., Suleena
Kalra, M.D., M.S.C.E., Jennifer Mersereau, M.D., Catherine Ra-
cowsky, Ph.D., Robert Rebar, M.D., Richard Reindollar, M.D.,
Chevis N. Shannon, Dr.PH., M.P.H., M.B.A., Anne Steiner,
M.D., M.P.H., Dale Stovall, M.D., Cigdem Tanrikut, M.D.,
Hugh Taylor, M.D., and Belinda Yauger, M.D. The Practice
Committee acknowledges the special contribution of the
MHPG Qualications Task Force, including Piave Lake,
Ph.D., Claudia Pascale, Ph.D., Angela K Lawson, Ph.D., and
Mary P Riddle, Ph.D., in the preparation of this document.
All Committee members disclosed commercial and nancial
relationships with manufacturers or distributors of goods or
services used to treat patients. Members of the Committee
who were found to have conicts of interest based on the re-
lationships disclosed did not participate in the discussion or
development of this document.
REFERENCES
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Medicine. Qualication guidelines for infertility counselors, 1995. Available
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pdf.
2. American Counseling Association. Standards for qualications of test
users, 2003. Available at: https://www.nbfe.net/resources/Documents/
ACA%20Standard%20for%20Qualififications%20of%20Test%20Users.
pdf.
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3. Board of Trustees, SPA. Standards for education and training in psycholog-
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4. American Educational Research Association, American Psychological As-
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%20Test.pdf.
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ASRM PAGES
Guía sobre la cualicaci
on de consejeros de fertilidad: una opini
on de comit
e.
Este documento guía fue desarrollado por el Grupo Profesional de Salud Mental (MHPG) en asociaci
on con el Comit
ePr
actico de la
Sociedad Americana de Medicina Reproductiva para ayudar a determinar las cualicaciones y entrenamiento de los profesionales de
salud mental que trabajan en medicina reproductiva. Este documento reemplaza el documento titulado ‘‘ Guías de Calicaci
on para In-
fertilidad de ASRM,’’ con
ultima publicaci
on en marzo 2015 y originalmente desarrollada en 1995.
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