References and further information
1) Armstrong, Elia. “Combating Corruption for Development: The Rule of Law,
Transparency and Accountability” (Background Paper for the United Nations
Public Administration Programme’s 4
th
Global Forum on Reinventing
Government held in Marrakech, Morocco), at
http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan005786.pdf.
USA: October 2002.
2) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic Committee. 2007
APEC Economic Policy Report
3) Australian National Audit Office.
. Singapore: 2007, Chapter 1. The Economic
Committee (EC) established 9 General Principles of Good Public Sector
Governance based on key findings of a seminar that was held alongside the
ECII 2006 meeting in Da Nang, Viet Nam. The principles include: rule of law,
transparency, accountability, managing for performance of public sector
agencies, public sector ethics and probity, responsiveness to stakeholders,
political and bureaucratic structures, good policy and institutions, and risk
management.
Public Sector Governance, Volume 1:
Better Practice Guide
4) Committee on Standards in Public Life (Nolan Committee). “Seven Principles
of Public Life”, at
. Canberra: July 2003, p. 8. The ANAO established 6
principles of good public sector governance, including accountability,
transparency/openness, integrity, stewardship, leadership and efficiency.
http://www.public-
standards.gov.uk/About/The_7_Principles.html. London, UK: May 1995.
The Committee determined that seven principles should apply to all in the
public service, including selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability,
openness, honesty and leadership.
5) Institute of Internal Auditors. “The Role of Auditing in Public Sector
Governance”, Florida USA: November 2006, p. 6-9. The Institute outlined 5
principles of governance, including setting direction, instilling ethics and
integrity, overseeing results, accountability reporting, and correcting course.
Furthermore, it lists 4 critical public sector governance principles, including
accountability, transparency, probity and equity.
6) International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) Public Sector Committee.
Governance in the Public Sector: A Governing Body Perspective (Study 13).
7) Kaufman, Daniel et al. “Government matters VI: Governance indicators for
1996-2006”, Washington: World Bank Policy Research Paper No. 4280, July
2007. (See:
New York: August 2001, Figure 3.1. The Federation established 3 principles
of governance in the public sector context, including openness, integrity and
accountability.
http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asp for the most
recent statistical update.) The paper and the statistical update measure six
dimensions of governance, including voice and accountability (i.e., ability of
citizens to participate in selecting their government), political stability and
absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law,
and control of corruption.