Language
Alliteration
Shelley uses alliteration
to demonstrate the vast, unending power of the desert, and to contrast
and belittle the limited power of man. The statue can be seen as a representation of human
power
– it is a king’s attempt to evade death and cement himself in history, yet it lies broken as a
“colossal wreck”
. The statue is stripped of all power as it lies broken on the floor, yet the desert
around it remains endless and overwhelming in its size.
Shelley describes it as “boundless and bare”, “lone and level”,
and this use of alliteration
serves to communicate the vast, powerful extent of nature
, and its ability to outlive all other
forms of power and deem them insignificant by comparison. It also works to present the desert as
vast, monotonous and featureless.
Consonance
The repetition of the harsh “c”
sound
helps to reflect the callous lack of
compassion the king had for his
subjects, and how oppressive his rule
was. The sound bleeds into the
reader’s perception of the king,
helping to portray him as aggressive
and callous, and also connotes
portrays cruelty and aggression. This
shows Shelley’s disapproval of
military campaigns.
The consonance
also suggests a use
of power for military aims (and indeed,
Ramesses II was remembered for his
military expansion of Egypt) without any interference from empathy or compassion. This is
reflective of Shelley’s own anti-violence stance, as he was against all military exploits and thus also
against the “cold commands”
that initiate them.
Metaphors
The poem can be seen as an allegory
. Shelley is using Ozymandias as a representation of King
George III and all figures of power. He plays with the literal and the metaphorical to create an
overwhelming sense of irony surrounding the fall of the King’s influence.
The image of a shattered visage creates a sense of irony
. The poem portrays a King who
believed so strongly in his own power and superiority, and who tried so hard to present this image
of greatness through his statue. Yet this statue has now been forgotten and destroyed by time.
Therefore, the visage of power that he wore during his reign was little more than a mask for the
true vulnerability of his authority.